First don’t freak out. You should try posting your question in the Piano Technician’s Forum. Also there are quite a few Piano Techs that read this forum so they should give you some guidance. I know it’s scary but acoustic pianos are pretty durable instruments. Best Wishes on this issue and getting it fixed.
j&j gives good advice.
My thoughts? There are two possibilities. One, you initially turned the damper pedal adjustment screw so there is less travel on the rod, hence, less travel/movement on the damper system, which the rod actuates. The second possibility is that somehow, the rod came disconnected from the damper lever where the top of damper rod connects to it via a small metal dowel in the end of the wooden rod.
My best guess is that you got the damper rod adjustment screw out of adjustment, (not enough rod travel when pedal depressed) and when you tried to readjust it, you mistakenly turned it the same way instead of the opposite way, making it worse.
You could try again to turn the damper rod adjustment screw in the correct direction in order to add travel to the rod. Look carefully at the screw adjustment mechanism when you make the adjustment to insure you are turning it in the right direction, adding travel/length to the rod.
As j&j said, it is not something that cannot be corrected. Remember, the damper pedal connects to the damper rod, which connects to the damper lever on the damper action, which is part of the piano action. The damper adjustment screw either adds travel/length to the rod or removes/shortens length to the rod adjustment; too short, no damper, too long, too much travel between damper felts and strings, but plenty of damper, or, you have continuous damper, without depressing pedal.

Good luck!
Rick